General characteristics of the basic safety requirements for different methods of fusion welding.
For manual arc welding of small articles workplace welder and assembler: cab 2x2 or 2x3 meters with a moving canvas curtain. Cab is equipped with a rotary table (1) Collector (2) and Welder (3), welder (4), rack for parts (5), the platform for finished products (6).
Workplace welder in many cases serve as a manipulator, allowing the welder to easily rotate the product in a convenient position for welding. Cab must have local ventilation. The cabin should be a set of tools a welder and a supply of the electrodes. The case of welding unit is grounded, all the wires carefully insulated and protected from mechanical damage. The welder has to work in overalls and gloves and use a protective mask.
When arc welding in the assembly conditions special attention should be paid to the careful insulation of current carrying wires for welding in steel structures - good ventilation at the welding place. Welders should use rubber bedding, good clothes. When working in tight spaces, poorly ventilated, welders must periodically leave the rest to cover their stay in the bay should hedge at hand.
In expedient placement of mounting conditions of welding equipment in the kit, in special containers located near the work site and easily transported by cranes when changing jobs. It is also advisable to install the equipment stationary energoploschadkah with remote control. These measures reduce the unproductive waste of time for various transitions and reduce the risk of occupational injuries.
For mechanized welding processes must comply with all rules set forth above. In addition, it is necessary to ensure a comfortable and safe working conditions welders.
1. Assembly and welding of large sections should be performed in specialized areas, beds, benches, and there should be provided with adequate aisles on each side of the structure.
2. When welding the bulk section at the height of the forest it is necessary to arrange the location of welding equipment outside the welder's workplace.
3. All equipment is in poor condition may be under stress, an individual must have a grounding terminal to a common protective ground.
4. All welding units shall be under the supervision of the adjuster-rigger. To correct defects of welding equipment is only entitled fixer-setter.
5. When welding large articles should be used as shields, screens, fencing the place of the common welding passes.
In electroslag welding, general safety precautions associated with the use of electricity and the release of harmful gases, but instead of the shield it is sufficient to use safety goggles to protect from the glare of the slag bath, as well as slag splashing and bouncing pieces of the cooling of the slag crust. Is also required to closely monitor all water slide communications, as the slightest amount of moisture in the slag bath with the instantaneous vaporization can lead to violent splash slag and severe burns to the operator.
When welding in protective gases, other than compliance with the measures that are common to all methods of welding, it is necessary to consider that carbon dioxide and argon, 1.5-2 times heavier than air. These gases can accumulate in the bottom of the compartment, space, and therefore the ventilation devices should be installed not only in the welder's breathing zone, but also at the bottom of the room. Need to dispose of the air outside the work areas. Power exhaust ventilation for 1 kg of weld metal is not less than 150 m3 / h
When welding copper and its alloys to reduce the amount of harmful gases and aerosols, in all cases, where appropriate, recommend to nonconsumable welding electrodes.
With the electron beam welding the main risk associated with the occurrence of X-ray emission during deceleration of the electron beam on the product. It occurs at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV over, but the unit cells with a wall thickness of 15-20 mm and the use of leaded glass in the windows of the observer eliminates this danger.
Flow chart, developed by welding work performed by any methods of welding, and must contain instructions on labor protection measures that take into account the all-union statutes and regulations in force in the industry, just for the welding process.
See also:
Terms and Norms on Safety in Welding Part 1
Terms and Norms on Safety in Welding Part 2
Terms and Norms on Safety in Welding Part 3
Terms and Norms on Safety in Welding Part 4
General Characteristics of the Basic Safety Requirements
Accident Prevention
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