Terms and Norms on Safety in Welding

terms and norms on safety in welding

Terms and norms on safety in fusion welding part 1.

In GOST 12.0.002-74 given the following definitions: "Safety - a system of organizational and technical measures and means to prevent exposure of employees to hazardous working environments" and "Safety at work - a system of laws and their respective socio-economic, technical and hygienic and organizational measures to ensure safety, the preservation of health and human performance at work. "
The methods of welding require compliance with certain complex safety and labor protection, which should be reflected in work plans and strictly adhered to when carrying out welding work. For all these methods of fusion welding in varying degrees, there is the possibility of hazardous effects on the welder on the following factors:

1) an electric shock when touching a person with live parts of electrical circuits;

2) defeated the rays of the electric arc-eye and open the skin's surface;

3) burns from metal droplets and slag during welding;

4) The poisoning of harmful gases released during welding, and contamination by dust and fumes of the premises of various substances;

5) explosions due to improper handling of compressed gas cylinders, either because the production of welding tanks from combustible materials, or welding near flammable or explosive substances;

6) The fire from the molten metal and slag during welding;

7) The trauma of various kinds of mechanical nature of the preparation of heavy items to the welding and the welding process.


Statistics show that 80% of injuries related to welding to the transport of heavy metal products.

Preventing the risk of electric shock. In fusion welding using current sources with open circuit voltage UKX = 45 - 80 V at a constant current Uhh = 55 - 75 In the case of alternating current, Uxx = 180 - 200 in plasma cutting. Therefore, power supplies should have automatic devices that disable them for no more than 0.5 seconds at breakage of the arc.

Given the unstable value of the electrical resistance of the human body (for example, for dry skin, for example, the resistance of 000 ohms 8000-20, and with wet hands, damaged skin resistance is reduced to 400-1000 ohms), is considered a safe voltage above 12 V (portable lighting .) If a welder working in confined spaces, can have a large area of ​​contact with the metal surface to reduce the risk of electric shock is necessary to observe the following measures:

1. Reliable isolation of all the wires connected to the power source and the arc current, the device comprising a geometrically closed devices, grounding buildings welders. Grounding shall be: the case of power supplies, hardware box, auxiliary electrical equipment. Section of the earthing conductors shall be not less than 25 mm2. Connection, disconnection and repair of welding equipment is only concerned with the duty electrician. Welders do not perform this work.

2. Application in power supplies high voltage circuit breakers, which at the time of idling tear welding circuit and served on the holder of the voltage of 12 V.

3. Reliable device electrode with good insulation, which guarantees that there will be accidental contact with live parts of the electrode or workpiece hands welder (GOST 14651-69). Electrode must have high mechanical strength and can withstand at least 8000 terminal electrodes.

4.Proper clothing, gloves and mittens dry. When working in confined spaces and closed compartments required the use of rubber galoshes and rugs, lighting sources with a voltage of up to 6.12 V.

5. When working on a cathode-ray units to prevent hazard of hard X-rays (almost complete), the absorption of harmful radiation associated with the burning of the arc. Particularly dangerous in the sense of the eye is the light beam quantum generators (lasers), since even the reflected laser beams can cause serious damage to eyes and skin. Therefore, lasers have automatic devices to prevent such damage, but in strict conformity with the instructions of production operators, welders working at those facilities.

See also:
Terms and Norms on Safety in Welding Part 1
Terms and Norms on Safety in Welding Part 2
Terms and Norms on Safety in Welding Part 3
Terms and Norms on Safety in Welding Part 4
General Characteristics of the Basic Safety Requirements
Accident Prevention